Which parasite is known for causing schistosomiasis?

Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma, making Schistosoma spp. the correct answer. These trematodes, commonly referred to as blood flukes, have a complex life cycle that includes aquatic snails as intermediate hosts. Humans typically become infected through contact with contaminated freshwater, where the free-swimming larval forms penetrate the skin.

The significance of Schistosoma spp. in causing schistosomiasis lies in their ability to live and reproduce in the human hosts, which can lead to significant morbidity. Symptoms can vary based on the species of Schistosoma and the severity of the infection, but common issues include gastrointestinal problems, urinary complications, and chronic inflammation.

The other parasites listed do not cause schistosomiasis. For instance, Entamoeba histolytica is responsible for amoebic dysentery, while Giardia lamblia causes giardiasis, both of which are intestinal infections. Toxoplasma gondii is known for its association with toxoplasmosis, primarily affecting individuals with weakened immune systems. Each of these organisms has its unique pathophysiological mechanisms and disease presentation.