Which organism is associated with both gastrointestinal and respiratory infection?

The association of Cryptosporidium spp. with both gastrointestinal and respiratory infections is well-documented in medical literature. This organism is known to cause gastrointestinal illness characterized by diarrhea, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS. In addition to its gastrointestinal effects, Cryptosporidium has also been implicated in respiratory infections, particularly in infants and immunocompromised patients, where it can lead to respiratory symptoms like cough and wheezing.

This dual capability distinguishes Cryptosporidium from the other listed organisms, which primarily have a more singular focus on either gastrointestinal or other types of infections. Giardia lamblia, for instance, is mainly known for causing gastrointestinal disturbances such as giardiasis but does not have a recognized link to respiratory infections. Similarly, Toxoplasma gondii's most significant clinical concern is associated with neurological and ocular disease rather than respiratory issues. Although Entamoeba coli is present in the gastrointestinal tract, it is typically non-pathogenic and does not contribute to respiratory infections.

Thus, Cryptosporidium spp. stands out for its relevance in both gastrointestinal and respiratory contexts, underscoring its impact on human health particularly in vulnerable populations.