What is the vector for Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of river blindness?

Onchocerca volvulus is transmitted to humans through the bites of blackflies, specifically those belonging to the genus Simulium. This transmission process takes place in rural areas near fast-flowing rivers and streams, hence the colloquial name "river blindness." The female blackfly, when it bites a human, can introduce the infective larvae (microfilariae) into the bloodstream, allowing them to develop into adult worms that can reside in the human body. This relationship between the blackfly and Onchocerca volvulus is crucial, as without the blackflies, the lifecycle of the parasite would be disrupted, and transmission to new hosts would not occur.

Understanding the role of the blackfly as a vector is essential for efforts to control and prevent river blindness, including vector control strategies and public health interventions aimed at reducing the risk of transmission in endemic areas.