What are the typical consequences of heavy Necator americanus infection?

Heavy infection with Necator americanus, commonly known as the New World hookworm, leads to significant health issues primarily due to the parasite's feeding habits. This nematode attaches to the intestinal wall and consumes blood, which can result in substantial blood loss over time. One of the hallmark consequences of such blood loss is anemia, specifically iron-deficiency anemia, as the body struggles to replace the red blood cells that are being lost.

Additionally, chronic infection can lead to protein deficiency. The absorption of nutrients is compromised when the intestinal mucosa is damaged and inflamed by the hookworm, further exacerbating nutritional deficiencies. These conditions can lead to severe health consequences, particularly in vulnerable populations like children and pregnant women, where the impact on growth and development can be profound.

The other consequences such as dermatitis and fever, nausea and vomiting, or abdominal pain and diarrhea can occur with various infections or conditions but are not the primary or most prominent outcomes associated with heavy Necator americanus infection. Anemia and protein deficiency specifically reflect the direct and significant impact that heavy hookworm infestations have on the host's physiological health, making this the most accurate choice among the given options.